Respond substantively to at least two other students. Comment on their choice of the theories, and state whether you disagree or agree with their justification of the identified theory’s use in their nursing practice.
Answers must be evidence-based and include sources in APA format.
Demonstrate more depth and thought than simply stating that “I agree”
or “You are wrong.”
HERE ARE SOME OF THE READING RESOURCES YOU CAN LOOK AT TO HELP YOU:
Article: http://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=122386734&site=eds-live&scope=site
This article provides a look at the differing views of communication between Interprofessional team members in healthcare.
Article: https://oce-ovid-com.ezproxy.snhu.edu/article/00005110-202010000-00012/HTML
This article reviews the issues associated with interprofessional partnerships and provides a case study of the effectiveness of interprofessional collaboration.
Website: https://nursing-theory.org/
This website provides a list of nursing theorists and links to information about individual nursing theories.
Article: https://ezproxy.snhu.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ers&AN=109057203&site=eds-live&scope=site
This article provides an overview of the metaparadigm concepts used in nursing.
Shapiro Library Article: https://oce-ovid-com.ezproxy.snhu.edu/article/00012272-201907000-00009/HTML
This article takes an in-depth look into the effect that ThomasKuhn’s view of science had on the development of paradigms in nursing and the nursing metaparadigm.
HERE IS WHAT THE STUDENT SAID:
Comfort Theory
Katherine Kolcaba created the Comfort Theory in the 1990s. She received her nursing degree in 1965 from St. Luke’s Hospital of Nursing. From there, she continued her education at Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing in 1987 and got her doctorate in nursing in 1997 (Katharine Kolcaba – Nursing Theory, 2016). Her studies focused on “Gerontology, end of life, long-term care interventions, Instrument Development, Nursing theory, and Nursing Research” (Katharine Kolcaba – Nursing Theory, 2016, para. 3).
Comfort theory is a mid-range theory developed to focus on the comprehensive approach of providing comfort to patients to improve “institutional integrity” (Lin et al., 2023, para. 7). Her theory was based on her belief that comfort was experienced in four contexts: “physical, psychospiritual, environmental, and sociocultural” (Lin et al., 2023, para. 8). The terms "physical," "psychospiritual," "environmental," and "sociocultural" all refer to various aspects of human experience. The terms "physical" refers to the body and its functions, "psychospiritual” refers to self-awareness, "environmental" refers to the surrounding conditions, and “sociocultural” refers to relationships that a person has (Lin et al., 2023).
She also theorized that there were three types of comfort: “relief, ease, and transcendence” (Lin et al., 2023, para. 8). “Relief” was used to describe extreme unmet comfort needs, “ease” was the avoidance of known risk factors that could cause discomfort, and “transcendence” was the capacity to overcome discomfort when it was unavoidable (Lin et al., 2023).
Kolcaba Comfort Theory’s conceptual framework suggests that first, Healthcare professionals (HCP) must evaluate patients’ and families’ needs for comfort and identify any that have not been met, second they create interventions to meet those needs, third they take into account any factors that cannot or is hard to change when creating interventions, fourth, they should assess if comfort interventions were successful, fifth, if comfort was met the theory suggest patients and families would participate in health-seeking behaviors (HSBs) such as self-care activities, and when these HSBs are implemented, the “institution integrity” such as financial stability is improved (Lin et al., 2023). Kolcaba described meeting patients’ comfort needs as a “holistic nursing art” (Kolcaba’s Theory of Comfort – Nursing Theory, 2019).
Environmental Theory
Florence Nightingale developed the Environmental Theory published in her book Notes on Nursing: What it is and what it is not in 1860 (Gilbert, 2020). In 1854, Nightingale was tasked with the supervision of the initiation of nurses into military hospitals in Turkey during the Crimean War (1853-1856) by Secretary of State at war; Sir Sidney Herbert (Gilbert, 2020). During this time, she experienced unsanitary conditions such as human excrement blocking sewers, flea infestations, and deceased horses’ bodies in the drinking water supply (Gilbert, 2020). She witnessed firsthand how the Barrack Hospital’s filthy, overcrowded conditions increased communicable diseases like that of cholera, typhoid, and dysentery (Gilbert, 2020). These findings allowed her to connect illnesses to the conditions of the surrounding environment of the patients, which led to the Environmental Theory (Gilbert, 2020). Her theory stated the need for a clean environment to promote healing or to maintain the preservation of health (Riegel et al., 2021). Nightingale described a clean environment as the “Health of houses” and believed to achieve a hygienic environment, one needs “clean water and air, basic sanitation, cleanliness, and light (Gilbert, 2020, Riegel et al., 2021, p. 3). Other essential points to consider in her theory were proper clothing, exercise, having heat, decreased noise and disturbances, and food (Cardoso et al., 2021). During the Crimean War, she had the chance to apply her theory, and by 1855, the death toll of the war decreased by 20%. (Gilbert, 2020).
Application of theory into nursing practice
Environmental Theory has evolved to become what we know today as infection control (Gilbert, 2020). It has influenced nursing practice in many areas, such as hand hygiene and sanitary environment, to prevent the spread of diseases (Breigeiron et al., 2021). The World Health Organization has recognized that handwashing is crucial in the reduction of disease (Breigeiron et al., 2021). During the early outbreaks of Covid-19, health institutions formulated strategies to avoid the spread of aerosols in the environment, such as using closed suction systems, face shields and limiting visitors allowed to reduce the spread of Covid-19 (Breigeiron et al., 2021).
Personally, in practice, some things I do pertaining to the Environmental Theory is to ensure my patients have a clean room and their linens are changed daily or when soiled. Also, I always make sure to foam in and out of patients’ rooms. Also, if patients are on precautions, I make sure to wear the proper PPE and perform hand hygiene to prevent the spread of diseases.
References
Breigeiron, M. K., Vaccari, A., & Ribeiro, S. (2021). Florence nightingale: Legacy, present and perspectives in COVID-19 pandemic times. Revista Brasileira De Enfermagem, 74(suppl 1). https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-1306
Cardoso, S. B., Oliveira, I. C. D. S., De Souza, T. V., & Carmo, S. a. D. (2021). Pediatric intensive care unit: Reflection in the light of florence nightingale’s environmental theory. Revista Brasileira De Enfermagem, 74(5). https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-1267
Gilbert, H. (2020). Florence nightingale’s environmental theory and its influence on contemporary infection control. Collegian, 27(6), 626–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2020.09.006
Katharine kolcaba – nursing theory. (2016, June 13). Nursing Theory. https://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Katharine-Kolcaba.php
Kolcaba’s theory of comfort – nursing theory. (2019, August 21). Nursing Theory. https://nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/kolcaba-theory-of-comfort.php
Lin, Y., Zhou, Y., & Chen, C. (2023). Interventions and practices using comfort theory of kolcaba to promote adults’ comfort: An evidence and gap map protocol of international effectiveness studies. Systematic Reviews, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-023-02202-8
Riegel, F., Da Graça Oliveira Crossetti, M., Martini, J. G., & Nes, A. a. G. (2021). Florence nightingale’s theory and her contributions to holistic critical thinking in nursing. Revista Brasileira De Enfermagem, 74(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0139
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