CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY

Lesson: Structure and function of the Cardiovascular System
Discussion : Cardiovascular Physiology
Guidelines
Initial Post
People with chronic high blood pressure often have stiff and noncompliant arteries due to atherosclerosis. In your initial post explain how this will effect the following:
1. Blood flow through the arteries
2. Left ventricular afterload

NOTE TO WRITER: Linked is a PDF copy of the book being used in the class. The book has to be one of the references. The chapters being used this lesson is Chapter 25 “Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular System”

Norris, T. L., & Lalchandani, R. (2019). Porth’s pathophysiology: Concepts of altered health states (10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

file:///Users/jowusu/Downloads/Porth%E2%80%99s%20Pathophysiology_%20Concepts%20of%20Altered%20Health%20States.pdf

ALSO TO WRITER: This is a pathophysiology class so use more background information on the cellular level of the topic being discussed. Avoid cryptic information and use more of the course content and the chapter of the book which apply to the topic to complete the discussion.

FOR EXAMPLE THIS IS A QUOTE FROM THE INSTRUCTER THAT I WANT THE WRITER TO PAY ATTENTION TO WHEN COMPLETING THE DISCUSSION “As was described in the previous course announcement, there is an expectation of graduate level work in BIO PATHO. Simply using your textbook in forum and case study answers IS NOT adequate (that effort will not earn you an A in this class; and the syllabus clearly says that is inappropriate). A minimum of four sources need to be cited. Background information should ALWAYS be provided. For example, suppose the question leads you to diagnose that a person has hypertension, and you tell me all the evil consequences of hypertension and what the patient better do to reverse the many adverse effects of hypertension. Great. What is blood pressure to begin with? What is it normally? What regulates blood pressure? What can predispose someone to hypertension? What are modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for hypertension? What will hypertension do in the short-term? Long-term? This is appropriate background information. Students putting in the effort to do this by providing background content in exceptional forum post or case study answers will be rewarded during grading.”

I WILL ASLO ATTACH THE POWERPOINTS FOR THIS LESSON TO SERVES AS A GUIDE.

file:///Users/jowusu/Downloads/Porth%E2%80%99s%20Pathophysiology_%20Concepts%20of%20Altered%20Health%20States.pdf

ALSO NOTE TO WRITER: BELOW IS THE LEARNING OUTCOMES FOR THIS LESSON. LET THIS BE A GUIDE WHEN COMPLETING THIS ASSIGNMENT

Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
• Cardiovascular Blood Flow, Output, and Blood Pressures
o Describe the overall blood flow through the cardiovascular system
o Understand a cardiac cycle (and a pressure-volume curve) and pulse pressures, and pressure differentials that affect blood flow in the cardiovascular system
o Use a specific formula for determining cardiac output and ejection fraction
o Describe a ventricular function curve, and relate the importance of venous return to the heart
o Compare and contrast the pressures in the pulmonary and systemic circuits
o Delineate the roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems in affecting heart performance and compare these effects to those seen with ions and temperature
• Coronary Circulation
o Describe the coronary circulation, and the role of the coronary circulation to meet myocardial demand for oxygen
• Heart Electrical Activity
o Understand movement of the electrical signal through the heart, including the cells responsible for transmission of the electrical impulse and speed of conduction
o Describe the basic electrical events in a EKG
• Blood Flow Profiles
o List the Poiseuille equation, and understand the role of resistance elements to affect blood flow
o Understand transmission of the pressure pulse and how the pressure pulse pulsatility is eliminated as blood moves to the capillary beds
• Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins
o List the roles of arteries, capillaries, and veins, and compare and contrast their morphology
• Regulation of Blood Flow
o Compare and contrast local, nervous system, and humoral regulation of blood flow
o Understand the role of the renal system in regulating or controlling blood flow

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