Claim Type and Generic Question Examples of Issue Questions Typical Methods for Structuring an ArgumentClaim Type and Generic Question Examples of Issue Questions Typical Methods for Structuring an ArgumentDefinitional arguments:
In what category does this belong? -Is solitary confinement cruel and unusual punishment?
-Is a skilled video game player an athlete? -Create a definition that establishes criteria for the category.
-Use examples to show how the contested case meets the criteria.Resemblance arguments: To what is this thing similar? -Is opposition to gay marriage like opposition to interracial marriage?
-Is investing in the stock market like gambling? -Let the analogy or precedents itself create the desired rhetorical effect.
[or]
-Elaborate on the relevant similarities between the given case and the analogy or precedent.Causal arguments: What are the causes or consequences of this phenomenon? -What are the causes of bee colony collapse disorder?
-What might be the consequences of raising the minimum wage? -Explain the links in a causal chain going from cause to effect or summarize experimental studies showing cause or consequence.Evaluation and ethical arguments: What is the worth or value of this thing? -Is talk therapy a good approach for treating anxiety?
-Is it ethical to use reproductive technology to make “designer babies?” -Establish the criteria for a “good” or “ethical” member of this class or category.
-Use examples to show how the contested case meets the criteria.Proposal arguments: What action should we take? -Should colleges abolish the SAT and ACT for admissions?
-Should the federal government enact a carbon tax? -Make the problem vivid.
-Explain your solution.
-Justify your solution by showing how it is motivated by principle by good consequences, or by resemblance to a pervious action the audience approves.
*Table extracted from pp. 211-212 in Writing Arguments: A Rhetoric with Readings, 10th Edition, 2016, eds. John D. Ramage, John C. Bean, and June Johnson.
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