Responses to classmates must consist of at least 350 words (not including the greeting and the references), do NOT repeat the same thing your classmate is saying, try to add something of value like a resource, educational information to give to patients, possible bad outcomes associated with the medicines discussed in the case, try to include a sample case you’ve seen at work and discuss how you feel about how that case was handled. Try to use supportive information such as current Tx guidelines, current research related to the treatment, anything that will enhance learning in the online classroom.
1. Individual Recommendations (for the general population)
a. Primordial prevention recommendation – Individual primordial recommendations can be very simple but something that has to be completed diligently. For instance, removing nonessential items from a car to limit touching more items and keeping disinfectant wipes in the car to regularly wash items (FPM, 2020). Prior to leaving, hands should be watched and then hand sanitizer should be used upon getting in the car, then the disinfectant wipes could be used to limit the spread. COVID-19 can live on surfaces for 72 hours (CDC, 2021). All of these small ideas can play a role in decreasing the spread of COVID-19.
b. Primary prevention recommendation – As much as there is controversy towards the COVID-19 vaccinations, the goal of them is to control people from being hospitalized from the virus or having a severe case. With this being said, the vaccine is to slow down or halt the spread of the virus (Wiley, 2021). From past pandemics such as: influenza, polio, rubella, etc, those viruses became eliminated through the years from vaccinations. In order to eliminate COVID-19 like polio, we need to enter the phase of herd immunity. “On the one hand, they protect the vaccinated individual against the infection, and on the other hand, they promote herd immunity†(Wiley, 2021). If the country wants to enter the stage of herd immunity, people need to individually get vaccinated.
2. Business (recommendations for businesses)
a. Primordial prevention recommendation – A primordial prevention for watching for COVID-19 is monitoring your own health at home. People need keep awareness to their own body and how they feel knowing the symptoms of the virus. For instance, “Check your temperature twice a day and remain alert for respiratory symptoms†(FPM, 2020). A fever is a leading indicator of illness so checking the temperature at minimum once a day will give a precursor to illness.
b. Primary prevention recommendation – In addition to the primordial prevention recommendations, a primary prevention recommendation is people wearing masks in the workplace. Many workplaces are set up in a close environment especially in conference rooms or even blue collar workers are doing physical labor are in close contact. As uncomfortable as it may be, masks will limit the spread and transmission from person to person. “Experimental and epidemiological data support community masking to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2, including alpha and delta variants, among adults and children†(CDC, 2021). Masks have been shown to have the highest success rate of limiting the spread of COVID-19 since it is easily spread through aerosols; in the workplace, there is communication which spreads aerosols and sweat which can spread aerosols (CDC, 2021).
3. School recommendations (recommendations for either preschool, K-12, or college/universities)
a, Primordial prevention recommendation – A primordial prevention recommendation for all schools including colleges is to prove a negative COVID-19 test prior to coming back to school. For example, colleges go on a long break for the winter and summer months and are exposed to outside people. Prior to going back to campus, they should prove a negative test so it does not infect the entire school. “Regular testing, in addition to COVID-19 vaccination, is a safe, effective way to help prevent the spread of COVID-19 and help keep schools open for in-person learning†(CDC, 2021). This will allow everyone to feel safe and keep people from being infected. This should also be done at the K-12 level after winter and spring break especially since it’s over the holidays when people are in large family gatherings in a small area.
b, Primary prevention recommendation – As hard as it is to maintain physical distance between students, it is highly recommended that this be enforced in schools. “CDC recommends schools maintain at least 3 feet of physical distance between students within classrooms…†(CDC, 2021). Now that social distancing in schools has been lowered from six feet to three feet for those who are vaccinated, it will make it easier for schools to enforce this. Unfortunately those who are not vaccinated are still recommended to be six feet apart. This also means to maintain small groups within schools instead of large gatherings that were done in the past. This is all in addition to using masks properly and screening students prior to entry. (CDC, 2021)
4. Criminal Justice/Prison recommendations
a, Primordial prevention recommendation – Prison inmates are more likely to contract COVID-19 whereas many people think they are isolated, they are but they live in a tight, close environment that is not always the most sanitary. A primordial prevention is enhanced cleaning/disinfectant and hygiene practices (CDC, 2021). This can mean hiring an outsider cleaning company to come in and properly clean to keep the prisoners and guards safe from the virus. “Practice good hand hygiene: Regularly wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after coughing, sneezing, or blowing your nose; after using the bathroom; before eating; before and after preparing food; before taking medication; and after touching garbage†(CDC, 2021). There are many outside people who come into the prisons to work who go home and are exposed that now bring it into the prison exposing everyone else. So with the proper cleaning and hygiene, proper screening needs to be enforced as well (CDC, 2021).
b, Primary prevention recommendation – A primary prevention for prisons can be frequent testing provided for staff and inmates. Prisons are in a tight contact at all times with constant exposure; frequently, testing both staff and inmates can slow down the rate of exposure along with declining the risk of exposure (CDC, 2021). A good amount of time, people are asymptomatic so providing the frequent COVID-19 tests will allow those asymptomatic patients to know they have been exposed and quarantine.
Citations:
CDC. (2021). Guidance for covid-19 prevention in K-12 Schools. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved December 16, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/schools-childcare/k-12-guidance.html
CDC. (2021). Guidance on management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (covid-19) in correctional and detention facilities. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved December 16, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/correction-detention/guidance-correctional-detention.html
CDC. (2021). What you should know about covid-19 testing in schools. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved December 16, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/schools-childcare/what-you-should-know.html
CDC. (2021, December). Science brief: Community use of masks to control the spread of SARS-COV-2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved December 16, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/masking-science-sars-cov2.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Science brief: SARS-COV-2 and surface (fomite) transmission for indoor community environments. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved December 16, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/more/science-and-research/surface-transmission.html#:~:text=Data%20from%20surface%20survival%20studies,plastic%2C%20and%20glass%20.
FPM Editors. (2020, March 30). How to leave coronavirus behind when you come home. AAFP Home. Retrieved December 16, 2021, from https://www.aafp.org/journals/fpm/blogs/inpractice/entry/covid19_home.html
Sellner, J., Jenkins, T. M., Oertzen, T. J. von, Bassetti, C. L., Beghi, E., Bereczki, D., Bodini, B., Cavallieri, F., Liberto, G. D., Helbok, R., Macerollo, A., Maia, L. F., Oreja-Guevara, C., Özturk, S., Rakusa, M., Sauerbier, A., Soffietti, R., Taba, P., Pisani, A., … Moro, E. (2021, January 18). Primary prevention of covidâ€19: Advocacy for vaccination from a neurological perspective. Wiley Online Library. Retrieved December 16, 2021, from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ene.14713
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