DESCRIBE BRIEFLY HOW EACH OF THE THREE TESTING METHODS IS PERFORMED, INCLUDING PATIENT SPECIMENS SUITABLE FOR TESTING.
Describe briefly how each of the three testing methods is performed, including
patient specimens suitable for testing. (9 marks)
c) For each of the three methods, state whether it can be performed on live and/or
dead cells.
4. A variety of tests have recently become commercially available to veterinary
oncologists for the immunophenotyping of canine and feline lymphomas and
leukaemias into B-cell versus T-cell forms.
Answer all parts of this question:
a) Identify the three (3) current common methods for immunophenotyping and
indicate which of the three is the gold standard to which the other two is
compared. (3 marks)
b) Describe briefly how each of the three testing methods is performed, including
patient specimens suitable for testing. (9 marks)
c) For each of the three methods, state whether it can be performed on live and/or
dead cells. (3 marks)
d) Describe three (3) advantages and disadvantages for each of the three
aforementioned methods. (9 marks)
e) The current gold standard for the diagnosis of lymphoma in veterinary
medicine is histopathology.
Answer all of the following sub-parts:
i. Identify which, of the three previously discussed methods for
immunophenotyping, had the lowest success rate in the Thalheim et al.
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2013, paper. (0.5 mark)
ii. Identify the test or tests that should not be used as the sole mechanism
for confirmation of the diagnosis of a lymphoproliferative disease in
the absence of histopathology. (0.5 mark)
iii. Identify which of the three immunophenotyping methods has the
highest rate of false-positives and false-negatives, suggesting limited
clinical usefulness in feline patients. (0.5 mark)
Question 4 continued over page
Veterinary Oncology Paper 2 Page 5 of 7
f) For each of the three previously discussed methods, identify two (2) other
cancers or other uses for which they have been utilised within veterinary
oncology. (4.5 marks)
5. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping has quickly become the standard of care in
human oncology for a number of malignancies.
Answer all parts of this question:
a) Define the sentinel lymph node. (1 mark)
b) In oncology patients, is the SLN generally the closest regionally anatomic
lymph node? (1 mark)
c) Describe specifically how standard-of-care SLN mapping is performed in
human patients, and briefly explain the advantages of this technique relative to
previous techniques based on lymphatic dissection. (4 marks)
d) Describe the benefits of SLN mapping for oncology patients in the context of
staging, prognosis and therapy. (8 marks)
e) Considering the difficulties of performing human standard of care SLN
mapping in veterinary medicine, specifically in private practice veterinary
oncology, explain why this has not become the standard of care in veterinary
oncology. (3 marks)
f) Discuss two (2) possible alternative mechanisms for SLN mapping that have
been described in the veterinary oncology literature. Describe two (2)
advantages and disadvantages for each, compared to human standard-of-care
SLN mapping. (10 marks)
g) List three (3) cancers for which sentinel lymph node mapping has been
performed and published within the veterinary literature, including a reference
to the paper. (3 marks)
Continued over page
Veterinary Oncology Paper 2 Page 6 of 7
6. With reference to the literature, relate current recommendations for surgical margins
of canine cutaneous mast cell tumours to clinical outcome. (30 marks)
7. An eight-year-old female neutered Beagle presents with a semi-mobile and wellcircumscribed
sub-cutaneous nodule of 3 cm diameter in the right ventral neck region.
Answer all parts of this question:
a) List your differential diagnoses. (2 marks)
b) Briefly discuss the diagnostic tests that you would recommend for this patient,
including staging options should a neoplasm be confirmed. (5 marks)
c) State whether a palpable thyroid mass is more likely to be benign or malignant
in:
i. a dog (1 mark)
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