What is his distinction between procreation and reproduction?
As you reflect on Meilaender?s readings, what is his distinction between procreation and reproduction, as well as that of being begotten versus being made? Do you agree with his description? Why or why not ?READ THIS
Oliver O?Donovan entitled a book about artificial reproduction (or,
as it is commonly termed today, ?assisted reproduction?) Begotten
or Made? ? a title that ought to resonate in the minds of Christians accustomed
to the Nicene Creed?s affirmation that Jesus Christ, the Son of
the Father,was from eternity ?begotten, not made.? And, reflectingmore
generally on the idea of ?making babies,? Leon Kass has written:
Consider the views of life and the world reflected in the following
different expressions to describe the process of generating new
life. Ancient Israel, impressed with the phenomenon of transmission
of life from father to son, used a word we translate as ?begetting?
or ?siring.? The Greeks, impressed with the springing forth
of new life in the cyclical processes of generation and decay,
called it genesis, from a root meaning ?to come into being.? . . . The
premodern Christian English-speaking world, impressed with the
world as given by a Creator, used the term ?pro-creation.?We, impressed
with the machine and the gross national product (our
own work of creation), employ a metaphor of the factory, ?reproduction.?48.
Kass?s observation alerts us to some of the deeper theological significance
of advances in ?reproductive technology.? The shift from ?procreation?
to ?reproduction? is in part a manifestation of human freedom
to master and reshape our world. But especially when that
mastery extends to the body, the place where we come to know a person,
we should be alert to both creative and destructive possibilities
in the exercise of our freedom.
Assisted reproduction includes today a number of different techniques.
Artificial insemination, which in itself is not a recent development,
can use either donor sperm(usually in our society from an anonymous
donor) or sperm from the husband of the woman to be
inseminated.Muchmore complex technically is in vitro fertilization. In
this procedure both sperm and ovum are externalized in the laboratory,
where fertilization takes place before the fertilized ovum (the embryo)
is implanted in the woman?s uterus. Spermand ovum in this procedure
usually come from husband and wife, though, of course, there is
no technical reason why they must. IVF is increasingly combined with
pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), in which newly fertilized
embryos are tested for genetic or chromosomal defects before being
implanted. More recently still a technique known as intracytoplasmic
sperm injection (ICSI) has been increasingly used. A single sperm is selected
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