Eric Drexler is known to have grown upon Feynmans inspiration and continued to propose the basic ideas of a nanoscale assembler that would be very essential to be able to build a copy of itself and other items that would enable that capability of independent operation after its embryonic period.
At the beginning of the 20ths century another scientist such as Paul Ehrlich made attempts to develop magic bullets in a case where drugs were added and aimed to target diseases and in a single treatment would destroy and kill pathogens in a single treatment. Notably the knowledge gained in the 20th century and some of the key advances in the fields of biochemistry and biotechnology made it possible to develop magical bullets and as a result first nanoparticles and monoclonal antibodies were produced by scientists who includes Peter Spenser and Georges Jean Franz Kohler respectively. Later in the year 1990 better modifications of the nanoparticles were made and genes were sluiced into cells with the help of antibodies[4].
Current uses of Nanomedicine
Drug Delivery:
Currently it has been revealed on how the usage of nanoparticles has in a greater way helped to fight cancer as it was announced in the year 2013 by Dr. Robert Langer when he appeared on the CBS Television. Ideally the tiny nanoparticles help to deliver the anti-cancer drugs in the body of the patient in mid to spare the health tissue and ensure that the cancer drug is directly administered to the tumor site in a targeted manner. Most of the clinical trials directed at prostate cancer have been equipped with nanoparticle that acts as targeting strategies. Some examples are docetaxel which is a chemotherapy treatment that is used in men who have metastatic and those who are known to be treatment resistant of prostate cancer. However a lot of side effects have been noted and measure taken to reduce them. This measure includes giving nanoparticles directly to the cancer cells of the prostate that aims to enhance higher doses to be given with lower number od side effects. Also Nanoparticles are being used to deliver anti-cancer immunotherapies directly to cancer cells nanoparticles aids to loading more than one drug onto nanoparticle for targeted combination therapy and lastly used to deliver bits of RNA to tumor cells[5] .
Therapy Techniques:
In the field of medicine nanotechnology has been used in therapy techniques where the researchers have come up with nanoposnges that aims to absorb toxins and help to eradicate them completely from the blood stream. Notably these nanoposponges are polymer nanoparticles that have a red blood cell coating which helps them to move freely in the blood stream and attract more toxins that are harmful to the body. Another therapy technique has involved a method where sound waves have been generated that is used in the noninvasive surgery. Keenly to note in this case the lens with carbon nanotubes coat that is used to convert light to a more direct sound waves from a laser that create a method that would help to completely to fight tumors and still maintain healthy tissue. In development are nanoparticles that have been composed of polyethylene glycol-hydrophilic carbon clusters has been witnessed to absorb free radicals at a higher rate as compared to proteins that are normally used by the body. The purpose of this method of absorbing more free radicals helps to reduce the harm that results during the release of the free radicals. Currently researchers are making serious investigations concentrate radiation that is used in Radiation Therapy with the use of bismuth nanoparticles in the treatment of cancer tumors[6].
Diagnostic Techniques
Researchers currently at MIT have applied nanomedicine in diagnosis techniques where they have come up with a sensor using carbon nanotubes that have been entrenched in a gel. That is put under the skin with an aim of monitoring the levels of nitric oxide that is in the blood stream which is an essential aspect as the level of nitric oxides indicates cases of inflammation and associated diseases of inflammation. I another application in diagnostic technique nanoparticles in medicine has been used to test early diagnosis of infectious disease. Also researchers have used nanoparticles to develop a sensor that can be used to detect cancer cell at a lower in most cases as low as 3 to five cancer cells[7].
Cell Repair
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