GBIPM is a medical model that employs individuals genetic information in determining measures to prevent or treat a particular illness. It emerged as a result of Genome Project evaluating the genetic sequence by identifying genes that cause various illnesses.
People usually have different genetic make up. For this reason GBIPM is rapidly developing to improve personal health care. One and most significant aspect how this model accomplishes its purpose is by influencing decision making concerning individualized heath care. This is attributed to the fact that its employs genetic information of each individual. As mentioned above that individuals have different genetic profiles therefore they experience different health problems. Despite other contributing factors such as environment genetics play a major role in individuals health issues. In this respect prevention and treatment measures should be precisely tailored for each and every individual. This has achieved through several dimensions which if emphasized will continue to shape the direction of public health (Willard and Ginsburg 2009).
To begin with is identification and development of predictive and preventive medicine. Predictive medicine deals with prediction about the likelihood of a disease whereas preventive medicine is concerned about preventing the disease. Genomic profiles can completely be prepared in advance by individuals undergoing specialized tests to provide their specific genetic information. For instance if the genomic profile of an individual predicts likelihood of a particular disease happening like the heart disease medical practitioner is in position to initiate preventive measures to prevent or reduce the severity of the disease respectively (Willard and Ginsburg 2009).
Another significant dimension GBIPM can be or have been used is in selection of treatment and medication for individuals. This can be/has been successful in determining of treatments and medications for various diseases more so cancer. Likewise in prevention prediction is necessary in treatment of a disease. It can help to determine the disease cause and thus assist in selecting the appropriate treatment and medication for the disease. For example when one has cancer genetic information can be of vital importance in determining of medication. Based on genetic variation cancer medication responds different. In addition genetic variation can also be used to predict whether diseases like cancer will spread in other body parts. This information can directly influence how to treat the disease as well as improve the patient outcomes (Willard and Ginsburg 2009).
As earlier mentioned apart from genetic factor s alone other factors contribute in causing health issues among individuals. However these factors particularly environment interact with the genetic factors in one way or another. Gene to gene and gene to environment interaction has taken a dominant position in epidemiology studies regarding disease causes and outcomes. Research has proved that occurrence of any disease is attributed to genetic factors and other factors at the same time. Molecular and Genetic epidemiology has sought to evaluate ways in which genetic factors interact with various factors in contributing to human carcinogens that trigger heath issues within individuals. In the first way it establishes the correlation between the genes and the disease/disorder. Secondly it establishes the magnitude of genetic impact with respect to other risk factors to the disorder. Finally it identifies the genes that make up the genetic component. Molecular epidemiology measures exposures related to specific substances and evaluate characteristics of the genotypes using specific markers to identify disease categories. On the other hand genetic epidemiology is similar to molecular epidemiology; however it concentrates on the causes attributed to inheritance. It incorporates molecular biology into genetic research which has enabled medical practitioners to understand the nature and risk factors of inherited diseases. In return this has ensured development of effective medical prevention and treatments methods (Friis 2010).
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