Is there a place in therapy for the tiotropium device known as a spiriva respimat?The main causes of hypomagnesaemia relate to decreased magnesium intake, and it’s mainly caused by factors such as:
Hypomagnesaemia is a condition caused by abnormalities in the levels of magnesium in the body (Marshall and Bangert). This abnormality in the magnesium levels causes disturbances in the functioning of various body organs and therefore results to fatal complications [2]. The current issues on hypomagnesaemia indicate that such complications may involve coronary artery vasospasm, ventricular arrhythmia, and even sudden death. Magnesium has recognized importance in human body, despite these importance, high and low levels of magnesium among patients has made magnesium earn the name “the forgotten cation.” Magnesium has a fundamental role in the working of the cell. This includes storage of energy as well as its transfer and use, metabolism of fats, proteins and carbohydrates, and regulating the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) [5].
Research findings have although found that despite various undertreated and under diagnosed [3]. This bulletin gives a discussion on the treatment of chronic hypomagnesaemia.
Summary
? The likelihood of having Hypomagnesaemia can be detected through hypocalcemia, chronic diarrhea, ventricular arrhythmias especially in ischemic event, and refractory hypokalemia [4].
? In a scenario where the situation becomes life threatening, plasma magnesium concentration is assessment from a drawn blood sample is of great importance. In the case where renal functioning seems to be normal, immediate intravenous magnesium prescription is provided.
? If there is a confirmation of hypomagnesaemia, the best place to obtain diagnosis is from history [2]. In cases of no apparent cause, the existing difference between the renal losses and gastrointestinal is obtained through a 24 hours urinary magnesium excretion or excreting magnesium in fractional portions of a urine specimen.
? Detecting the underlying magnesium depletion can be through the demonstration of reduced excretion of over 80% in 24 hours.
The main causes of hypomagnesaemia relate to decreased magnesium intake, and it’s mainly caused by factors such as:
Treatment of hypomagnesaemia in the community
Incidence In terms of incidence, hypomagnesaemia occurs mainly to hospitalized patients, accounting for slightly over 12%, but the figure may rise as high as 60 to 65% in patients in intensive care backgrounds, where elements of diuretics, nutrition, aminoglycosides, and hypoalbuminemia may play significant roles [5]. Treatment of Treatment of hypomagnesaemia in the community BULLETIN Date: 00/00/2012 By Hesham Alhamad ID:501923 Volume.1 By Hesham Alhamad No.1 ID.501923 Background Etiology
Treatment of hypomagnesaemia in the community Bulletin Date: 00/00/2012 By: Hesham Alhamad ID.501923
Diagnosis Diagnosis is made by measuring the plasma magnesium concentration levels, where the level of 0.7 mmol/l or less confirms hypomagnesaemia. Hypomagnesaemia can also be suspected and diagnosed following consistence incidences of refractory hypokalemia, hypocalcemia, chronic diarrhea, and ventricular arrhythmias [4]. Treatment Severity of the clinical manifestations determines the intensity of magnesium repletion. A case where a hypocalcemic-hypomagnesaemic patient or a case where a patient is suspected to have hypomagnesaemic-hypokalemic, such a patient should have a prescription of 50 mEq of intravenous magnesium [1] .The table below shows other forms that hypomagnesaemia manifests itself and their dosage. Form of disease Dosage Prophylaxis or Asymptomatic: ( < 1.4) 4-12 gm/day given IM/IV in D5W; Symptomatic HypoMg: ( < 1.4) Mild-up to 10 gm in 6 hrs Severe cases- 6 gm IV over 3 hrs, then 3 gm q12 hrs; Misc 80 mEq of Mg sulfate (20 ml of 50% solution) to 1 liter over 4-6 hr. Hypomagnesaemic-hypokalemic 50 mEq of intravenous magnesium
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