THE DISCUSSION WAS:
Choose an example of unethical research from CITI training or the readings and examine the impact of unethical research on participants, researchers, and practice. Include a critique of how international and federal regulations were changed or could be changed in order to protect research participants from vulnerable and diverse populations.
Consult the Belmont Report and the WMA Declaration of Helsinki in your examination, both of which can be found in the module resources.
BUT NOW WE HAVE TO:
Respond to two other peers who chose a different example than your own and expand on the discussion by suggesting how global research could have been improved through the application of ethical best practices.
THE PEER SAID:
The experimental research studies conducted at Holmesburg Prison from the early 1950s through the mid-1970s were unethical for many reasons. Without informed consent, the inmates were the test subjects of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and chemical experiments. The inmates were also test subjects for far hazardous, even potentially lethal, substances, such as radioactive isotopes, dioxin, and chemical warfare agents (Hornblum, 1999). Prisoners are considered a vulnerable population because they can’t really refuse participation.
According to Polit & Beck, 2022, study participation requires full disclosure; the researcher must describe the study, the participant’s rights to refuse, and potential risks and benefits.
Although international and federal regulations have made great strides in protecting the well-being of research study participants, more needs to be done to ensure their protection. The current regulations could be enhanced to ensure that consent processes are tailored to the needs of the diverse populations.
The Belmont Report, published by the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare in 1979, outlines three fundamental ethical principles: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. These principles guide researchers, institutional review boards, and policymakers to ensure that human subject research is conducted ethically (The Belmont Report, 1979). The principle of respect for persons emphasizes the importance of treating individuals as autonomous agents who have the right to make informed decisions about their potential participation in a research study (Subramani & Biller-Adorno, 2022).
References
Hornblum, A. M. (1999). Acres of skin human experiments at Holmesburg Prison. Routledge.
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2022). Essentials of nursing research: Appraising evidence for nursing practice (10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer
Subramani, S., & Biller-Andorno, N. (2022). Revisiting respect for persons: conceptual analysis and implications for clinical practice. Medicine, health care, and philosophy, 25(3), 351–360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-022-10079-y
The Belmont Report. (1979). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/regulations-and-policy/belmont-report/read-the-belmont-report/index.html
Required Resources:
Textbook: Essentials of Nursing Research: Appraising Evidence for Nursing Practice, Chapter 4
This chapter discusses ethics in research: its origins, its principles, and procedures to guide you in evaluating research for its consideration of ethical principles.
Website: http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/humansubjects/guidance/belmont.html
The Belmont Report is the foundation of the ethical principles and guidelines for research involving human subjects. Review it for assistance with the activities for this module, including the discussion and CITI training.
Website: https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/
The WMA is an organization that develops and promotes international standards of Medical Science and Medical Ethics for people around the world. Review it for assistance discussing international research guidelines.
PLEASE MAKE SURE TO DO EVERY PART OF THIS DISCUSSION PLEASE. NEEDED BY SUNDAY AFTERNOON.
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