How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene.
a. By passive electrolyte channels
b. By coupled channels
c. By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
d. By diffusion
Question 2
1 out of 1 points
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?
a. Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
b. Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
c. Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.
d. Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.
Question 3
1 out of 1 points
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse’s best response?
a. Fetal exposure to mutagens in the uterus
b. Increased paternal age
c. Family history of Down syndrome
d. Pregnancy in women over age 35
Question 4
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol?
a. Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
b. Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which reduces its ability to carry hemoglobin.
c. Cholesterol increases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which allows binding of excess glucose.
d. Cholesterol increases the membrane fluidity of erythrocytes, which prolongs its life span beyond 120 days
Question 5
1 out of 1 points
During childhood, the thymus decreases in size, and this is referred to as _____ atrophy.
a. Physiologic
b. Pathologic
c. Disuse
d. Neurogenic
Question 6
1 out of 1 points
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for?
a. The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
b. The individual who has a disease gene but is phenotypically normal
c. The phenotype of genetic material
d. The codominance
Question 7
A cell is isolated, and electrophysiology studies reveal that the resting membrane potential is –70 millivolts. The predominant intracellular ion is Na+, and the predominant extracellular ion is K+. With voltage change, which of the following would result in an action potential?
a. K+ rushing into the cell
b. Na+ rushing into the cell
c. Na+ rushing out of the cell
d. K+ rushing out of the cell
Question 8
1 out of 1 points
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the following?
a. XY
b. XX
c. XYY
d. XXY
Question 9
1 out of 1 points
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene.
a. X-linked dominant
b. X-linked recessive
c. Autosomal dominant
d. Autosomal recessive
Question 10
1 out of 1 points
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?
a. Electron-transport chain
b. Aerobic glycolysis
c. Anaerobic glycolysis
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
Question 11
1 out of 1 points
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells?
a. Because potassium has a greater concentration in the intracellular fluid (ICF)
b. Because sodium has a greater concentration in the extracellular fluid (ECF)
c. Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
d. Because there is an excess of anions inside the cell
Question 12
1 out of 1 points
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction?
a. Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development
b. Block progress of cell reproduction through the cell cycle
c. Restrain cell growth and development
d. Provide nutrients for cell growth and development
Question 13
0 out of 1 points
A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes how glucose is transported from the blood to the cell. What type of transport system should the nurse discuss with the patient?
a. Active-mediated transport (active transport)
b. Active diffusion
c. Passive osmosis
d. Passive-mediated transport (facilitated diffusion)
Question 14
1 out of 1 points
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is associated with:
a. Penetrance
b. Recurrence risk
c. Expressivity
d. Delayed age of onset
Question 15
1 out of 1 points
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse describing?
a. Paternal nondisjunction
b. Maternal translocations
c. Maternal nondisjunction
d. Paternal translocations
Question 16
1 out of 1 points
A patient has severe mental retardation caused by a deletion of part of chromosome 5. What genetic disorder will the nurse see documented in the chart?
a. Prader-Willi syndrome
b. Down syndrome
c. Cri du chat syndrome
d. Trisomy X
Question 17
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained?
a. Mitochondriab. Ribosomec. Nucleolusd. Nucleus Cytoplasm
Question 18
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as:
a. Sodium
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