Why is proving the cost effectiveness of a program so difficult when the program concerns health promotion or disease prevention?

Why is proving the cost effectiveness of a program so difficult when the program concerns health promotion or disease prevention?

Why is an understanding of the epidemiology models essential to work in community and aggregate health care? (375 words)

Part 2
Centers For Disease Control and Prevention Website Review

Review the Centers For Disease Control and Prevention use of the Social Ecological Model (350 words):

http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/crccp/sem.htm

Question 3. Write a 350-word summary explaining how this model could be used in a different aggregate.

Textbooks used for this course (NUR 544). You can use these as part of the reference list:

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Nies, M. A., & McEwen, M. (2011). Community/Public health nursing: Promoting the health of populations. (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier/Saunders.

Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2010). Foundations of nursing in the community: Community-oriented practice. (3rd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.

Use of Models in Health Assessment and Promotion
Readings:
• Cheadle, A., Schwartz, P. M., Rauzon, S., Beery, W., Gee, S., et al. (2010). The Kaiser Permanente Community Health Initiative: Overview and

evaluation design. Journal Of Public Health, 100(11), 2111-2113.
• Coke. L. A. (2010). Cardiac risk assessment of the older cardiovascular patient: The Framingham global risk assessment tools. MEDSURG

Nursing, 19(4), 253-254.
• Marrs, J., Trumbley, S., & Malik, G. (2011). Early childhood caries: Determining the risk factors and assessing the prevention strategies for

nursing intervention. Pediatric Nursing, 37(1), 9-15.
• Todahl, J. L., & Walters, E. (2009). Universal screening and assessment for intimate partner violence: The IPV Screen and Assessment Tier

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