Introduction
In this lesson, you will begin to explore somatic symptom and related disorders, as well as anxiety disorders, that can affect patients across the life span. Keep in mind that somatic symptom and related disorders are some of the least frequently diagnosed conditions, while anxiety disorders are some of the most frequently diagnosed conditions. It is also important to recognize that children are being diagnosed with anxiety disorders at a higher frequency than any other time in history.
As you read about anxiety disorders, recognize that in the past, benzodiazepines were used more frequently for treatment. Although they are very effective in management, the risks associated with longer-term benzodiazepine use include addiction, and overdose (particularly when taken with alcohol, opioids, or other substances). Consider that today’s approach to long-term pharmacologic management of anxiety involves weaning patients from benzodiazepine use (if treated with such in the past), referring patients to therapy, and concentration on other drug classes that provide relief.
Learning Outcomes
After completing this module, you will be able to:
Discuss the etiology and epidemiology of somatic symptom/related disorders, and anxiety disorders.
Describe clinical manifestations of somatic symptom/related disorders, and anxiety disorders.
Identify diagnostic and screening tools that can be used to evaluate patients with somatic symptom/related disorders or anxiety disorders
Describe the assessment skills necessary to evaluate a patient with somatic symptom/related disorders, or an anxiety disorder.
Discuss cultural variances that can impact treatment of a patient with somatic symptom/related disorders, or an anxiety disorder.
Reading & Resources
Chapters 8, Anxiety Disorders and12, Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders in Sadock, B., Sadock, V., & Ruiz, P. (2021). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (12th ed.).
Review criteria for somatic symptom and related disorders, and anxiety disorders in American Psychiatric Association. (2020). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).
Chapter 4, Individual Psychology in Neukrug, E., & Hays, D. G. (2023). Counseling theory and practice (3rd ed.). Cognella.
Read alprazolam; duloxetine; fluoxetine; lorazepam; quetiapine; sertraline; venlafaxine and consider how these have been, or may be used, in the treatment of anxiety disorders in Stahl, S. (2020). Prescriber’s guide: Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology (7th ed.).
Jordan Raskopoulos. (2017, June). How I live with high-functioning anxiety. TED.
Henningsen P. (2018). Management of somatic symptom disorder. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 20(1), 23–31.
Slee, A. et al. (2019). Pharmacologic treatments for generalized anxiety disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet, 393, 768-777.
Scrandis, D., & Duarte, A. (2019). Deprescribing benzodiazepines. The Nurse Practitioner, 44(2) 12-14.
SCARED (scale for children); Beck Depression Inventory
Module 4 Lecture Notes
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