The Clinical Journal of Pain-article summary
Sleep and health-related factors in overweight and obese rural women in a randomized controlled trial
Marcia Y. Shade1 • Ann M. Berger1 • Paul J. Dizona1 •
Bunny J. Pozehl2 • Carol H. Pullen1
Received: April 18, 2015 / Accepted: November 25, 2015 / Published online: December 11, 2015
� Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Abstract This secondary analysis describes sleep and
health-related factors in healthy overweight and obese mid-
life and older rural women enrolled in the’’ Women Weigh-
In for Wellness’’ randomized clinical trial. The aim of the
trial was to promote healthy behaviors and weight-loss. We
analyzed demographic, anthropometric, and biomarker
variables, self-reported measurements of sleep disturbance
and pain interference, and objective 24-h sleep/wake pat-
terns at baseline, 6 months, and the change over time.
Although self-reported sleep disturbance reflected normal
sleep, pain interference was slightly higher than normal.
There were associations between higher self-reported sleep
disturbance, pain interference and several other variables.
Women who achieved 5 % or more weight loss exhibited
positive associations between sleep, pain, and health-re-
lated factors. Weight loss and lower pain predicted lower
self-reported sleep disturbance. Our results suggest that
overweight and obese rural women who adopt healthy
behaviors and achieve weight loss also may experience
improved sleep and other health benefits.
Clinical trial # NCT01307644.
Keywords Overweight � Sleep � Pain � Middle-aged � Rural � Women
Introduction
The worldwide prevalence of obesity has increased dra-
matically. Over two-thirds of adults in the United States
(US) are considered overweight and one-third are consid-
ered obese (Centers for Disease Control, 2014; Ogden
et al., 2014). The US has reported higher rates of obesity
than other countries, in rural areas, and in women (Befort
et al., 2012; Hartz et al., 2007; Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development, 2012). Higher obesity
trends have been paralleled by reports of short sleep
duration and are likely to contribute to poor health out-
comes of Americans (Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC), 2011; Patel et al., 2008; Singh et al.,
2005; Vgontzas et al., 2014).
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