Diabetes in African American Poster
Health/Issue Challenge
â— Poverty
â—‹ In 2019, Blacks symbolized 13.2% of the entire
population in the United States of America, but 23.8% of the poverty population
â—‹ In 2019, household income for Black
households were $45,438 compared to $56,113 for Hispanic families, $76,057 for non-Hispanic White families, and $98,174 for Asian families.
â— Racism
â— Genetic predisposition G6PD Deficiency, thrifty gene,
â— Assess to health care
â— Safety of neighborhoods
â— syndrome X lead to Impaired fasting glucose, insulin
clinical significance for population chosen
â— Diabetes is the 4th highest cause of death for African Americans.
â—‹ Black adults are almost twice as likely as white adults to acquire type 2 diabetes.
○ 4.9 million African American adults, or 18.7% of all African Americans ≥ 20 years of age, have diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes, compared to 7.1% of non-Hispanic white Americans
â— This racial disparity has been increasing over the last 30 years.
â— African Americans constitute an ethnic population that the American Diabetes Association has characterized as having a high risk for diabetes.
Culture Concept
â— Theoretical Framework: Dr. Leininger’s Transcultural Theory can encourage and guide culturally congruent care, exceptional quality care, significant and safe respect.
â— Madeleine Leininger’s Culture Care Theory will teach strategies to address health disparities affecting most of the diabetes in African Americans through culturally astute evidence-based and educational recommendations.
â— Transcultural nursing has numerous cultural-related aspects of healthcare delivery that can affect individuals’ health, wellbeing, and disease management.
Literature review
â— Findings demonstrate that African Americans are affected by diabetes mellitus type 2 more than other races due to lifestyle choices and genetic predisposition.
â— ACP – has clinical practice guidelines
â— The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has
recommendations for screening patients for diabetes
• ○ Screening for abnormal blood glucose as part of cardiovascular risk
• assessment in adults aged 40 to 70 years who are overweight or obese
• ○ Clinicians should offer or refer patients with abnormal blood glucose
• to intensive behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthful
• diet and physical activity
â—‹ If initial screening is normal, screening can be repeated every three years.
â— American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) endorses the USPSTF recommendations on diabetes.
The implication of DNP Practice
Adherence to recommended health behaviors required by complex diabetes care regimens is central to diabetes management.
â— The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for abnormal blood glucose as part of cardiovascular risk assessment in adults aged 40 to 70 years who are overweight or obese.
â— Referral to the diabetic educator or nutritionist/multidisciplinary team
â— Health promotion at every office visit. Encourage lifestyle modification, medication adherence, the importance of daily physical activity for 30 minutes per day
â— Educate on the importance of A1C every three months
â— Encourage annual eye exam
â— Encourage foot exam (at least annually)
â— DNP can work with community resources, health fairs,
• food banks, farm shares, churches, diabetic groups to
• facilitate accessible and affordable.
â— DNP can influence changes in policy to:
• ○ provide more access to affordable health insurance & affordable healthcare
Abstract
Black adults are nearly twice as likely as white adults to acquire type 2 diabetes. This racial disparity has been rising over the last 30 years. According to the (CDC)Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in the United States, Diabetes rates are among the top five health problems affecting African Americans (CDC, 2019). Social determinants of the healthy amount of this population; poverty, racism, genetic predisposition, decreased access to healthcare, the safety of neighborhoods, and absence of health insurance. Madeleine Leininger’s Culture Care Theory will guide strategies to manage health disparities affecting the majority of diabetes in African Americans via culturally astute evidence-based teaching recommendations. Transcultural nursing has numerous culture-related elements of healthcare delivery that can impact individuals’ health, wellbeing, and disease management. Literature critique findings demonstrate that African Americans are impacted by diabetes mellitus type 2 more than other races due to lifestyle preferences and genetic predisposition. Culturally sensitive diabetes prevention programs reduce A1C and improve diabetes management. The essences for practice are to screen all African American patients properly for diabetes and provide measures against disease and education to improve Diabetic African American outcomes and manage.
References
Maness, L. (2015). Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and its Impact on the Underrepresentation of African Americans in Health Care Occupations. Journal of Best Practices in Health Professions Diversity: Education, Research & Policy, 8(1), 1049–1055.
National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse. National diabetes statistics, 2011 [article online]. Available from http://www.diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/statistics. Accessed February 2022
Task Force. (2015, October 26). Recommendation: Abnormal blood glucose and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Screening: United States Preventive services task force. Retrieved February 1, 2022, from https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/screening-for abnormal-blood-glucose-and-type-2-diabetes?ds=1&s=Diabetes+Mellitus
CDC. (2020, July 01). Fatal injury and violence data. Retrieved February 01, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/fatal.html
Hopkins, T. E. (2018, January 23). Factors contributing to higher incidence of diabetes for black Americans. Retrieved February 01, 2022, from https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/factors-contributing-higher-incidence-diabetes-black-americans
Hunter CM. Understanding diabetes and the role of psychology in its prevention and treatment. American Psychologist. 2016;71:515–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0040344.
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