A 2016 article in JAMA reports the results of a study of treatment outcomes for children with mild gastroenteritis who were given oral rehydration therapy. Enrolled children were randomized to received either rehydration with diluted apple juice (DAJ), or an electrolyte maintenance solution (EMS). As per the study authors:
“The primary outcome was a composite of treatment failure defined by any of the following occurring within 7 days of enrollment: intravenous rehydration, hospitalization, subsequent unscheduled physician encounter, protracted symptoms, crossover, and 3%or more weight loss or significant dehydration at in-person follow-up. Secondary outcomes included intravenous rehydration, hospitalization, and frequency of diarrhea and vomiting.”
Of the 323 children randomized to DAJ, 54 experienced treatment failure. (17 %). Of he 324 children randomized to EMS, 81 experienced treatment failure. (25 %)
1. For this study, what is the outcome of interest?
2. For this study what is the primary exposure of interest?
3. Estimate the risk difference (difference in proportions) of treatment failure for children in the DAJ group compared to children in the EMS group. (DAJ-EMS)
4. Interpret the estimate from item 3 in a sentence.
5. Estimate the relative risk (risk ratio) of treatment failure for children in the DAJ group compared to children in the EMS group.
6. Interpret the estimate from item 5 in a sentence.
7. Estimate the relative odds (odds ratio) of treatment failure for children in the DAJ group compared to children in the EMS group.
8. Interpret the estimate from part f in a sentence.
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