Critique education, practice, and research issues that influence culturally competent care.
Integrate respect for differences in beliefs and values of others as a critical component of
nursing practice
2. Complementary and Alternative Healing
OBJECTIVES
Describe various complementary and alternative healing practices.
Identify how to effectively incorporate complementary and alternative therapies into care.
Provide patient education regarding uses, limitations, and precautions associated with
selected complementary and alternative healing practices and products
The information below is only as a reference of possible Sources of nursing theories
origin.
Leininger: Transcultural caring context (Theory 1991):
Culturally specific nursing care.
Cultural care is an essential human need necessary for health and survival.
Benner & Wrub: Caring is also central depicting personal concerns as inherit feature
of nursing.
Leininger and Watson: Nursing is a humanistic science with the concept of caring being the
Central unifying domain of nursing. However, differ of philosophical,
cultural, empirical concerns. Leininger focuses on transcultural care, while
Watson focuses on philosophic, existential, and spiritual basis of caring as
sees caring as the ethical and moral ideal of nursing.
Neuman: Attain maximal level of total wellness by purposeful intervention.
Response of patient to environmental stressors, and use of nursing
prevention / intervention resulting in a holistic wellness.
Nurse actions: Primary, secondary, tertiary prevention levels.
Swanson: Phenomenon of caring:
Knowledge, being with, doing for, enabling, and maintaining belief.
Identifies and test nurse caring behavior to determine if caring improves
patient’s health. Influences the way we feel and behave.
Swanson and Watson: Both theories integrate.
Watson: Preserving hrelationship and intehrity evaluated by patient’s cure
experiences. Maintaining health or dying peacefully. Caring is the moral ideal mind-body
soul.
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